New VMAX: Power and Adrenalin
“Power, power, power!” That’s what you always hear when our riders step off the VMAX, usually with a grin on their faces. “That punch is so impressive, you know. To have power like that is just not known before. Wheelspin everywhere. But the bike handles so easy!”
Start of development
“In our minds the VMAX was always there. It always was an iconic Yamaha model, not in terms of sales but in terms of being loved by bikers.” says Yamaha Europe Product Planning Manager Oliver Grill.
“And the VMAX scene stayed strong and active all the time. Enthusiasts still loved it and were waiting for a newer version. But we didn’t want to fiddle around with small changes. The idea grew stronger and stronger, to develop a completely new machine including a new engine. Our engineers in Japan started creating ideas about how it should be done, and I think it was around 2003 that the first real development started.”
“Initially it was very experimental, to find out the basic layout, and to determine the best engine size. At some point the engineers became confident to have found the right way to build it. That was when the official development project started.”
Explosive acceleration experienceConcept
“VMAX is a specialized and extreme concept: The most overwhelming and explosive acceleration experience!”, Oliver continues.
“Nowadays sports bikes have very high horsepower and strong acceleration too. Sheer horsepower was not the only goal for us. It’s quite easy to make a high horsepower engine, but what we wanted, is to give it a fantastic feeling.”
V-Boost feeling
“VMAX owners in the past always loved the acceleration, especially the V-Boost feeling: the explosive type of power release, this overwhelming power feel.”
For reference:
The previous VMAX had 4 downdraft carburettors.
The V-Boost system, equipped on the american model, opened butterfly valves in the intake tract of the engine from around 6000 rpm onwards. When the butterfly valves opened, each cylinder was fed by two carburettors instead of one, and this resulted in a surge of power at high rpm: the famous V-Boost!
Oliver continues: “With the new VMAX we were determined to have that overwhelming power feel not just at high rpm, but in any rpm situation, and at any speed range!”
The new engine with 200 HP to deliver great feeling
After extensive testing: the V-cylinder angle is more narrow
Sensation and control go hand-in-handEngine configuration
“Our engineering target was clear: give a ‘continuous V-Boost feeling’, at all rpm, at all speeds” mentions project leader Hajime Nakaaki.
“We tested engine capacities up to 2 litres! One of the most important facts we found: if engine capacity gets too big, you get enough horsepower but the feeling is lost because there is too much inertia and the engine becomes less explosive, the bike starts feeling too heavy, etcetera.”
Sensation: where does it come from
“It became clear to us that the real power sensation does not come from the horsepower but from how eager the engine responds, from its sound, from its pulse, from its character. Therefore, many engine configurations had to be tested. We can talk for hours about that, about crank offset, about firing order, about the V angle, about torque curves. So many things have been tested. Finally the optimum was the just-under 1680 cc V4 configuration.”
Sensation and control go hand-in-hand
One of our riders confirms: “The engine is sensational, not electric, not smooth, but with lots of character and a strong pulse and a great sound. That sound and that feel really ‘connects’ you to the engine, you have great feedback about the rpm range. You also have great feedback from power on the wheel and from traction. This results in a fantastic control over the power. That’s the real magic of this machine!”
New frontiers in vehicle dynamics
Riding position for best control
Fun in cornersChassis configuration
“Our first big challenge was to find what engine was best, our second big challenge was to put it in a chassis and make it work!” say project leader Nakaaki.
“We really had to push new borders in chassis development, building a motorcycle with this engine size and power. It’s like entering a new field of vehicle dynamics. You may think that’s just a matter of making a stiff chassis, but that’s not the case. For example, at first we tried prototypes with an upside-down front fork, but the whole balance became too rigid, we had lack of flex which made the bike too nervous and imprecise to ride. It’s really an art to find the right balance for this chassis. We had 6 different prototypes and dozens of different frames during the development! We also spent a lot of time to maximize the rear wheel adherence to the road.”
Two generations ahead
Oliver adds “The bike is extremely powerful and built for full acceleration, so the basic layout is designed to be completely solid and stable in that condition.
The riding position also supports this. It is slightly forward and with a back support so the rider has the best control under heavy acceleration and a good view to the front.”
He continues: “On top of that, the VMAX had to become amazingly good also in handling, in normal-life conditions. And indeed when you ride the bike it is never nervous, is feels rock-solid in all conditions. It is really a breakthrough: a bike with this level of performance that is so remarkably easy to ride.”
Corners
And what about corners? Testrider Jeffry de Vries confirms: “The bike allows banking very well, I was surprised how fun it is on winding roads. The previous VMAX you would ride on the straight, and go quite slow in the corners. With this one, it’s no problem, it is simply fun, you can corner quite fast. And the suspension is so much better too, it’s a world of difference.”
Macho silhouette
Design
What about the design? “We wanted to stay loyal to the strong design values of the previous VMAX” says designer Takeshi Umemoto.
“We had 3 Key Elements that we decided to express:
First, a brutal and macho silhouette of the bike.
Second, to have the V4 engine as the most prominent design feature. Though the bike has a strongly dimensioned aluminium frame: this aspect is almost ‘hidden’ in the design!
And then third, to emphasize the intake and exhaust flow of the engine, as on the previous VMAX. But this time we took a "4x4x4" theme for this: you can clearly see 4 intake ducts, 4 camshafts, 4 exhaust outlets.”
His passion for the design comes out again when he adds “I arranged the exhaust pipes as if they are the veins, carrying the blood of this motorcycle.”
The most powerful
Full of performance enhancing technologies
Forged aluminium pistons and special connecting rodsEngine output
With 1679 cc, the VMAX is the biggest 4-cylinder mass production motorcycle.
It’s also the strongest to date, with a record 200 PS at 9.000 rpm!
And even more impressive then the horsepower output, are the torque figures with 166.8 Nm at 6.500 rpm.
To achieve this, the engine is full of performance-enhancing technologies:
• Compact, 4-valve, pent-roof combustion chambers.
• Straight valve angles: 14 degrees for the intake, 15 degrees for the exhaust, where the previous VMAX had 18 degrees for both intake and exhaust. Straighter valve angles help to optimize the port shapes.
• Shorter stroke design: Bore x stroke is 90.0 x 66.0mm where the previous VMAX had 76.0 x 66.0 mm.
• High compression ratio: 11.3 to 1, where the previous VMAX had 10.5 to 1.
• Iridium spark plugs: for extremely efficient combustion at all engine revs.
• Forged aluminium pistons: these are stronger and can therefore be built lighter, which means less reciprocating mass, less vibration and easier revving of the engine.
• The cylinders are ceramic-composite plated. This gives a high precision and leads to less frictional losses, and more durability.
• The connection rods are produced with the 'fracture split' method. This makes the holes for the big-end bearings extremely precise and strong. This technology was recently introduced on Yamaha’s other flagship, the R1.
Instead of manufacturing two separate halves, these carburised rods are manufactured as one single piece. The forged rod is then super-cooled and then fractured, which causes a clean break with perfectly matched surfaces on each half. This renders a perfect fit when the two halves are then bolted around the crankshaft.
Remarkably compact powerplant
Combined chain & gear cam drive builds more compact
Magnesium engine covers and titanium mufflers
Great sound from trumpets
Bigger engine, more compact
Despite the 40% higher engine capacity, 1679 versus 1198cc, and the extreme horsepower figures, the new engine of the VMAX is built more compact than the previous one!
• The V-bank angle is 65 degrees, where the previous VMAX had 70 degrees. This allows the engine to be 27mm shorter.
• The camshaft drive system is a combined chain/gear drive which keeps the cylinder head compact. In a conventional system, the cam chain runs over both the intake cam sprocket and the exhaust cam sprocket. Both sprockets then need to be large, and have a clearance between them.
With this new, combined design the cam chain drives the intake cam sprocket, which in turn has a smaller size gear connection to the exhaust cam. Since the gears are smaller sized than the sprockets, and connected together, the whole design is more compact.
• Crankcase and cylinders are made in a 1-piece construction (aluminium, open-deck type cylinders with ceramic plating).
• Magnesium alloy crank case covers help to even further reduce the weight. This applies to the clutch cover, ACM cover and drive shaft cover.
• The mufflers are made of lightweight titanium. They are also designed to be short and upswept so the exhaust sound can be heard well by the rider, to enhance the feedback between engine and rider!
Slipper clutch
A high capacity, high-performance engine like this one has a strong engine brake effect. A slipper clutch was needed.
It is a ramp-type slipper clutch, designed so that under strong back-torque (from wheel to engine), the clutch will start to slip.
This is to help to prevent rear wheel blocking or jumping when shifting down and closing the throttle at high rpm, just like on Yamaha’s supersport bikes R1 and R6.
Yamaha philosophy: to enhance rider-machine unity
Clean emissions through new technologyElectronic performance-enhancing technologies
YCC-I: Yamaha Chip Controlled Intake
This system shortens the intake ducts at higher rpm.
For reasons of air pulsation frequencies, short intake ducts let the engine breathe better at high rpm, while long ducts are beneficial at low rpm.
YCC-I helps to get the best power output throughout the rev range.
The system instantly ‘lifts’ a funnel away from the intake tract when the engine revs over 6650 rpm. If the funnel is connected to the intake, the intake duct length is 150mm and when the funnel is lifted away, the length is 54mm.
Yamaha's latest R1 and R6 models also use YCC-I.
YCC-T: Yamaha Chip Controlled Throttle
This is a kind of 'fly by wire' throttle system that has been derived from MotoGP racebikes and has already been successfully introduced on the Yamaha R1 and R6.
This intelligent system, calculating every millisecond, 'translates' the rider’s throttle opening, combined with various input signals like speed, air temperature and many others, into a corresponding best angle in the intake duct. It helps to achieve a smoother engine torque character and a higher level of rider-machine unity due to a more accurate throttle response. For example it prevents poor acceleration performance when the rider opens up the throttle too quickly whereby the intake airflow speed would drop.
YCC-T also simplifies the air intake passage because there is no need anymore for sub-throttle or secondary throttle systems. Therefore, a clean and short air intake can be designed which is beneficial for high-rpm power!
Fuel injection system
The fuel injection has a very sophisticated control system and 12-hole injectors for a fine fuel spray, which results in better combustion and engine power.
It also contributes towards keeping the emissions low, supported by an O2 sensor feedback system for optimized combustion efficiency, a 3-Way honeycomb catalytic converter in the exhaust system, and an Air Injection System (AIS) injecting fresh air into the exhaust ports to further reduce emissions.
EXUP
Same as YCC-I and YCC-T, EXUP (EXhaust Ultimate Power valve) was developed by Yamaha as a special valve in the exhaust system, adjusted to suit engine revs. At lower rpm it is closed, to create backpressure in the system which is beneficial for torque and sound characteristics.
Speed Limiter
The VMAX has a governed top speed of 220km/h, by a smart system, that still allows a complete quarter-mile run under full acceleration.
Ultimate stability and neutral handling
Frame and engine as a combined construction
Chassis details
Yamaha applied all their chassis development expertise to create this machine to offer both the straight-line stability a 'drag bike' needs, as well as the neutral and confidence-inspiring handling the rider needs in everyday situations.
The aluminium frame construction is strong and rigid as well as lightweight. The main frame, combined with the engine as a stressed member, creates an immensely strong construction directly from head pipe to rear pivot.
The wall thickness of the main frame varies between 3mm and 6 mm, to ensure optimum rigidity for excellent handling and accurate rider feedback. Yamaha even used different types of aluminium, each with a different rigidity, for different parts of the frame to achieve the optimum balance in the total construction:
• The main frame and pivot are gravity-cast, with different wall thickness;
• The rear frame’s top section, with its complex shape, is made with Yamaha’s exclusive CF die-cast production method;
• The rear frame’s bottom section, which is a straight-line support, is made of extruded aluminium.
• The engine brackets are made of cast iron, which is more vibration-resistant to flexibly absorb high stress loads on these attachment points.
Swingarm
The swingarm is made of lightweight cast aluminium. It has a long design (662.5 mm, where the previous VMAX was 487mm), which is beneficial to suspension function and to traction and road holding on bad surfaces.
Interesting detail: the swingarm is pre-equipped with M6 size threaded holes to easily attach race stand pick-up hooks!
Wheels and tyres
The new VMAX has modern 18 inch cast wheels, where the previous VMAX had a 15 inch, disk type rear wheel.
The wheels are equipped with low-profile tyres that were developed especially for this machine.
The massive 200 mm wide rear tyre offers good handling performance together with impressive looks and impressive acceleration performance from standstill.
Handling
The 15-litre fuel tank is located under the seat for better mass concentration.
The riding position is upright and 'in control'.
Combined with the low gravity of the total machine, the new VMAX has a stunningly good handling!
Suspension
The new VMAX features modern, fully adjustable suspensions. The base setting represents the optimum balance between front and rear, also under strong acceleration conditions.
• The front fork is a massive 52mm cartridge type front suspension, with oxidized titanium coating on the front fork inner tubes with less inner friction in the system. This gives a more sensitive suspension and better road holding.
• Front and rear suspensions are fully adjustable in preload, compression and rebound damping. The rider can adjust it exactly to suit his or her needs.
Interesting detail: The rear suspension has special ‘remote’ adjustment buttons, easy to reach!
• The monoshock type rear suspension has a progressive link system, no comparison to the conventionally mounted twin shocks used on the previous VMAX.
Powerful hi-tech brakes
ABS (rear wheel sensor)Brakes
The VMAX has a top spec, very powerful braking system, including ABS.
• Large, 320mm diameter front disks are operated by monoblock 6-pot calipers with radial mounts.
The radial mounting reduces the torsional forces in the system for a better brake feel.
The monoblock calipers are very rigid and the 6-pot system divides the brake pressure over the whole surface of the brake pads more precisely.
This gives great feeling and feedback combined with outstanding stopping power.
• The Brembo brand front master cylinder has a radial pump for a direct feel.
• Front and rear disks are wave type, for modern looks and better heat dissipation.
• ABS is standard equipment.
The compact lightweight technology featured is the well-proven, quick-responding system which is also fitted on the 2008 FJR1300A.
Comfort & Convenience
The VMAX is a top of the range bike with attention to every detail. Below we describe some examples.
Dashboard
The dashboard contains an analogue rpm counter with integrated digital speedometer on the handlebar. There is a shift flash (shift timing indicator LED light) on top of this.
The rpm at which the light will flash is adjustable, for every gear separately!
Yamaha’s R6 and R1 also use an adjustable shift flash, but these use a general adjustment, not for each gear individually. The VMAX system is even more sophisticated in this respect.
In addition to this, there is a Multifunction display on the tank. This is not an ordinary LCD, but a new type of OEL (Organic Electro Luminescence) display that is brighter and easier to read compared to LCD’s.
It includes the following functions:
• Clock
• Stopwatch
• Countdown
• Throttle opening angle display
• Gear position indicator
• Fuel meter
• Fuel consumption measurement
• Odometer
• 2 Tripmeters
• Fuel reserve tripmeter
• Intake air temperature
• Coolant temperature.
This multifunction display also welcomes the rider when the key is inserted and turned on: “Time to ride – This is VMAX”
Immobilizer
The new VMAX has an immobilizer ignition system, which is designed to reduce theft. The ignition key has a coded chip integrated, and the bike must recognize this code in order for the bike to start. Without, the bike won't start even if the ignition is turned or forced into the ‘on’ position.
Shaft drive
The shaft drive system keeps the bike impeccably clean, is virtually maintenance free and reliable.
Finishing
The VMAX features a very high quality finishing, built by people who love motorbikes!
Some interesting details for example:
• Hand-finished (buffed) aluminium intake covers
• Tapered handlebar
• Abundance of high-quality aluminium parts, forged aluminium pedals etc.
• Adjustable clutch and brake levers, and hydraulic clutch operation.
The new VMAX: a dream come truePower. Acceleration. Adrenalin.
That’s what the new VMAX is all about!
Some quotes from various riders:
“I have ridden so many bikes. This one is really special, and different from any other. It’s so unique and exciting.”
“Compared to the old one, the engine is so different. It accelerates at any rpm, whenever you open the throttle it goes like hell.”
“How much, much, much better the chassis is compared to the old one.”
“I am proud to have ridden it. That will be a dream for many, and a dream-come-true for just a few.”
